Type 1.5 diabetes, also known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), is a lesser-known form of diabetes that shares characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite its distinct features, type 1.5 diabetes is often misdiagnosed, leaving patients struggling to manage their condition effectively.

What is Type 1.5 Diabetes?

Type 1.5 diabetes is an autoimmune form of diabetes, where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, similar to type 1 diabetes. However, unlike type 1 diabetes, which typically develops in childhood or adolescence, type 1.5 diabetes often manifests in adulthood.

Key Characteristics:

1. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
2. Gradual onset, often mistaken for type 2 diabetes
3. Typically develops in adulthood (30s-50s)
4. May have a family history of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
5. Often associated with other autoimmune conditions

Symptoms:

1. Increased thirst and urination
2. Fatigue
3. Blurred vision
4. Slow healing of cuts and bruises
5. Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

Misdiagnosis and Challenges

Type 1.5 diabetes is frequently misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its gradual onset and lack of obvious autoimmune markers. This misdiagnosis can lead to:

1. Inadequate treatment
2. Poor glucose control
3. Increased risk of complications
4. Delayed diagnosis of associated autoimmune conditions

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing type 1.5 diabetes requires:

1. Autoantibody testing (GAD, IA-2, or ICA)
2. Insulin levels and C-peptide testing
3. Glucose tolerance testing

Treatment typically involves:

1. Insulin therapy
2. Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight management)
3. Monitoring for associated autoimmune conditions

Type 1.5 diabetes is a distinct form of diabetes that requires accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. By recognizing its characteristics and symptoms, healthcare providers can provide effective care and improve patient outcomes.